2701. Unlawful access to stored communications (a) Offense.— Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section whoever— (1) intentionally accesses without authorization a facility through which an electronic communication service is provided; or (2) intentionally exceeds an authorization to access that facility; and thereby obtains, alters, or prevents authorized access to a wire or electronic communication while it is in ...

When I teach Vehicle Operations in the Basic Law Enforcement Academies, I tell the recruits that the second police vehicle through the intersection during a priority run or pursuit is not the safer one; rather it is the more dangerous place to be. Drivers hear the sirens and see the patrol car go through and then assume the coast is clear. ...

Countless times I have dealt with citizens who came to my office with complaints regarding the conduct of law enforcers in my agency. While many of them turned out to be unfounded after an investigatory look, a few citizen initiated objections are grounded in misunderstanding and even some truth. Giving the angry person a chance to vent certainly helps to alleviate ...

In a case with a fact pattern similar to Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378 (1989), the United States Court of Appeal for the 6th Circuit concluded that a police supervisor was not entitled to summary judgment or qualified immunity where a woman in police custody had died. The case, Carter v. City of Detroit, 2005 U.S. App. LEXIS 9717 (6th ...

The four step process of Practical Kinesic Interview & Interrogation® is orientation, narration, cross-examination and resolution. After the subject has presented their statement or alibi during the "narration" phase, the interviewer then takes the opportunity to address any incomplete answers or contradictions in the subject's statement as well as obvious conflict between the statement and forensic details. The "cross-examination" technique chosen ...

Target Audience: Law Enforcement personnel who may be faced with decisions that are impacted by the law from the United States Supreme Court. Objective: Provide officers with training on new legal standards announced by the United States Supreme Court. Format: Roll-call/ supervisory training. Time: Five to ten minutes for each of the hypothetical sections, but this may be expanded where agency ...

So much is written in this and other venues regarding officer safety. It's also a topic that police trainers cover extensively. Even with the popularity of of the officer safety topic, many law enforcers end their officer safety thinking when they're off the clock. As with other tactical issues in law enforcement, planning is the key to successfully accomplishing the public ...

Target Audience: Law Enforcement personnel who may be faced with the task of using an electronic control device Objective: Provide officers with essential knowledge with respect to some of the current issues surrounding electronic control devices Format: Roll-call/ supervisory training. Time: Five to ten minutes, but this may be expanded where agency resources allow. Materials: Law Enforcement Risk Management Legal Update, ...

Whatever the dog's primitive diet may have been, it certainly wasn't all steaks and chops, and it did include a great deal more bulk and had an entirely different balance from an all muscle meat diet. Nor was it the sort of diet you would want to feed your dog today if you could. Scientific research has been carried on for ...

Hello, and welcome to the Chaplain’s Corner. I survived turning 55! Wasn’t such a big deal after all. And March is here again. That means severe storm season will soon be upon us here in central Texas and that could be a big deal. We badly need the rain, but the hail and damaging winds and potential tornadoes I can do ...

On a warm Las Vegas night a muscular German Shepherd searched through a series of dark offices. His deputy sheriff handler followed cautiously behind. At the end of the hallway the deputy saw a large door. He whistled, pointed his flashlight at the wall on the hinge side of the door and said, "Station." The dog immediately obeyed by going to ...

Having described the types of behaviors and techniques associated with riot behavior, both group and individual, it is now important to discuss those techniques that law enforcement must employ if it is to successfully contain and control this behavior. Like the individual and group activities that are a part of riot behavior, riot control involves actions both by the individual police ...

Target Audience: Law Enforcement personnel who may be faced with the tasks of off-duty carrying of firearms and off-duty action Objective: Provide officers with essential knowledge of the law relating to off-duty carrying of firearms and off-duty intervention Format: Roll-call/ supervisory training. Time: Five to ten minutes, but this may be expanded where agency resources allow. Materials: Law Enforcement Risk Management ...

United States Supreme Court Summary of Law Enforcement Cases 2004-2005 Term Each term, the United States Supreme Court decides cases having a direct impact on various aspects of law enforcement operations. During the 2004-2005 term, the Court decided 5 such cases touching on day to day operations in law enforcement. These cases have been detailed in the legal update as they ...

In Boyd v. Benton County; City of Corvallis et al. 374 F.3d 773 (9th Cir. 2004), the United States Court of Appeal for the 9th Circuit held that the use of a flash-bang while executing a warrant may constitute excessive force under the 4th Amendment. The court then granted the involved officers qualified immunity because the law was not clearly established ...

Corrupt police officers, politicians, and government employees sometimes engage in corrupt activities, which generate large amounts of cash. The challenge for law enforcement authorities investigating this type of crime is to be able to prove the corrupt individual has a net worth that exceeds their legitimate explainable income. This can often be accomplished by a forensic audit of the target’s assets, ...

Hello, and welcome once again to the November edition of the Chaplain’s Corner. Well, I wanted to wait until after the election to write to you since it was so close to the first of the month. I had hoped to be basking in the glow of a McCain/Palin victory. I’m very sad that the good Governor had to endure what ...

Most discussions on law enforcement's use of deadly force focuses on those circumstances where an officer is faced with an imminent threat of serious bodily harm or death to him or herself or some third party who is present at the scene of some law enforcement event. Little time is usually spent on discussing when an officer may use deadly force ...

We face extremely trying times in our society. LEOs must obtain current, case law sensitive and thorough training from their agencies in order to stay ahead of the ever-evolving criminals in their communities. Many officers pay their own way for high quality training due to the lack of department-initiated advanced training. The training in the agency itself can sometimes be deemed ...

Legal and Liability Risk Management Institute Public Agency Training Council Generally law enforcement agencies have operated their IA/OPS system with little oversight. That's coming to an end. More communities, particularly those in large urban areas, are instituting some form of external review. In some communities it's a form of civilian review. Since 1997, numerous police agencies have come under the scrutiny ...