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Your Written Exam: How To Think Like A Cop

Sergeant George Gody — Wed, 12 Aug 2009 14:36:00 -0700

Preparation for judgment/situational test questions on the police written test may seem daunting, but in reality, you need to capture only one thing -- the mindset of a police officer.

Thinking like a police officer is not simple, yet the elements that make up a police officers mindset are simple, straightforward and support effective, correct actions and decisions in situational dilemmas.

Preparing yourself to view situational questions with the mindset of a police officer involves establishing a solid analytical foundation based on three fundamentals:

*1.* Common Sense

*2.* Police Priorities

*3.* Police Hierarchies

When these fundamentals are combined and applied to police situational questions, they become a single, skilled viewpoint that ensures the most effective and equitable actions and decisions. Using these fundamentals as your primary information filters; you can approach any situational problem and determine an effective and appropriate course of action.

Common sense is knowledge acquired through trial and error, experience and commonly accepted animate and inanimate behaviors, and the laws of physics.

For example: Is it safer to talk to someone involved in an auto accident in the street or on the sidewalk? Common sense indicates: Sidewalk. If you were knocking on someone's door, would you stand in front of the door or off to the side? Common sense indicates: Side. If you're pursuing a traffic violator at a high rate of speed through downtown traffic, do you continue the pursuit or let him go? Common sense indicates: Let Him Go. The risk of injuring innocent people is too high versus upholding the law by stopping a traffic violator.

Another example: What would you do if you saw a naked man walking down the street with only a cell phone in his hand? Arrest him? If so, on what charge? You should first ask questions and determine what happened. He may be a victim of a crime, so don't jump to conclusions.

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In police work, and in police situational test questions, using common sense to evaluate the situation means basing actions and decisions on knowledge that is generally common to everyone, but is occurring in a situation that involves a need for police action.

Common sense should temper your reactions, allowing you to control the urge to jump to conclusions before gaining all the available facts. Often the set of circumstances seen at first glance seems to warrant a certain conclusion, however, common sense allows us to see where circumstances simply could not coexist in certain situational conflicts.

Police Priorities are defined by each law enforcement department in particular, but can also be identified in general for the purposes of preparing for police situational test questions.

Assessing a situation and the information pertaining to it requires relying on your common sense and using Police Priorities to determine the most effective, appropriate course of action.

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The most important Police Priorities will normally fall in this order:

*1.* Protect Others -- Citizens, victims, fellow officers -- assist and protect people who are endangered.

*2.* Secure Public Order -- Whether on your beat or during a critical incident -- keep the peace.

*3.* Uphold the Law -- Enforce, arrest, investigate, protect crime scenes, and preserve evidence.

*4.* Provide Non-Emergency Assistance -- To non-injured victims, the elderly, neglected children, lost or stranded people, the mentally ill, the homeless -- those in distress, but not imminent danger.

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*5.* Maintain Order On Your Beat -- Check your beat for suspicious activity. Investigate suspicious persons, potential hazards, etc. Know your beat by becoming familiar with the streets, the buildings and the people, especially the criminal element.

*6.* Maintain Traffic Flow -- Report and ensure defective or damaged traffic signals and signs are repaired or replaced -- direct traffic safely and effectively until signs and signals are in place.

Police work continually brings officers face to face with situations that can be fraught with conflicting values. Police priorities are set up to support every officers decision-making capabilities so actions are determined based on accepted values and department-designated priorities.

To further support every officer in making effective decisions, every police department has in place a well-defined list of Police Hierarchy.

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Police Hierarchy establishes importance as regards to rank and authority. It will remind you of the Police Priorities list, but the value system behind the Police Hierarchy involves the parameters of orders, regimens, policies, and regulations -- and how an officer operates and defines his decisions for taking action within those parameters.

Generally, a departments' Police Hierarchy list will be as follows:

*1.* Protect life -- Your first action should always be a response to those things that pose a threat to annoys safety and well being: performing CPR, first aid, calling for an ambulance, etc.

*2.* Obey Orders -- Emergency or non-emergency situations demand an officer obey orders. The only acceptable exception to this is when an order interferes with the primary directive: protecting life.

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*3.* Protecting Property.

*4.* Maintaining Assigned Duties -- Your effectiveness is compromised if an assigned duty is not maintained, regardless of a seeming misuse of skills or experience.

For example: You are assigned to a specific area during an emergency situation and ordered by your supervisor to stay at this location. But, by leaving this location you can help a seriously injured person and possibly save that person's life. What would you do? You are justified in choosing to leave your assigned area to help the injured person, even though you are disobeying the supervisors order -- provided that leaving your assigned area will not put other lives in danger. Always remember protection of life is the number one priority.

Another example: You are ordered to guard a prisoner. Another officer is assigned to write the arrest report. You are a better report writer than the other officer. If you write the report, both you and the other officer will be able to return to street patrol sooner. What would you do? Do you watch the prisoner or write the report? Answer: you watch the prisoner. Obeying an order is a higher priority than maintaining your assigned duties.

Every police officer operates as part of a team effort. This effort becomes most efficient when all participants operate under the same set of rules and the same hierarchy list. Rank and authority procedures established in the Police Hierarchy list ensure that the department operates as a whole and that individual officers make decisions within judgment parameters based on historical experience and professional consensus.

Recommended techniques for answering police judgment/situational questions:

*1.* Pay close attention to the information you are provided.

*2.* Read carefully and thoroughly. Ask yourself questions -- is there anything that is a threat to life or is there anything that needs immediate attention?

*3.* Apply Common Sense, Police Priorities, and Police Hierarchies.

*4.* Don't jump to conclusions. Don't make assumptions. Weigh all the facts before making a decision.

*5.* Make your decision.

*6.* Review your decision -- do they make sense within the framework of the three fundamentals?

*7.* Trust your instincts.

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The majority of police departments set clear parameters for many types of situations. But, because of unforeseen situations officers face on a daily basis, these parameters cannot cover every possible type of situation. That is why law enforcement agencies test your practical judgment and common sense so intensely. It is also why it is so important to know the priority lists used by police agencies before you take the written test. You must know what they consider the order of importance before you can successfully answer police situational questions.

With careful consideration and thought, you can bring these three defining fundamentals to play in your preparation for police situational test questions. You can develop your police mindset and learn to think like a police officer.

Need More Prep? Check Out:

Federal Law Enforcement Hiring: Your Complete Guide

Chris McConnell — Wed, 29 Jul 2009 14:53:00 -0700

There are over 88 federal agencies that have some sort of law enforcement or investigative unit. While you may be most familiar with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and the U.S. Secret Service, there are tens and thousands more brave citizen that have made the commitment to protect and serve their department, agency, and country.

What all these careers share in common is a respect for the law and its citizens, but also the responsibility to successfully carry out the agency mission, whether that is protecting our wildlife as a Refuge Officer or the ensuring that foreign diplomats are safe while traveling in the United States on official business at the Diplomatic Service.

We will also be profiling the lesser known Uniform Division of the Secret Service and the in demand positions as a Correctional Officer with the Bureau of Prisons.

To succeed in these positions you will need to be in top physical shap and of course a steady hand. But most importantly, nearly all of these positions require a 4-year bachelor's degree or an equal amount of life experience, preferably within law enforcement.

These careers have wonderful benefits and will enable you to continue to thrive in your career with continual trainings and education advancement.

Read on and find out more about Federal Law Enforcement Careers.

Police Officer at the Department of State Diplomatic Security

Correctional Officer at the Bureau of Prisons

Special Agent at the U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division

Refuge Officer at the National Wildlife Refuge System

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Position: Special Agent

Where: Dipolmatic Service

Agency: Department of State

Diplomatic Security special agents are federal law enforcement officers who serve worldwide. Overseas, our special agents advise ambassadors on all security issues and coordinate all of a mission's security programs. In the United States, agents investigate passport and visa fraud and protect the Secretary of State and visiting foreign dignitaries.

Read Agent Profile (PDF) click here to download

Salary: $37,413 to $51,788. Once Special Agents have successfully completed their training, they become eligible for Law Enforcement Availability Pay (LEAP), which can equal up to 25 percent increase of the base salary.

Qualifications: You’ll need to be a U.S. Citizen and must be at least 21 years old but not have reached their 37th birthday at the time of their first day. Qualified candidates will also have previously registered with the Selective Service and successfully passed a background check and stringent medical exam, since they will be traveling so often.

Learn more about the Department of State website

Next Page: Correctional Officer at the Bureau of Prisons

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Position: Correctional Officer

Where: Bureau of Prisons

Agency: Department of Justice

Correctional Officers are the largest part of the workforce at the Bureau of Prisons. Correctional Officers enforce the rules and regulations of a federal prison and serve both as a supervisor and counselor to inmates.

Salary – Correctional Officers will generally start at either a GS-5 or a GS-6 depending on education and previous experience, preferably in a law enforcement setting. This is roughly between $27,000 and $40,000 in base pay, though locality pay can also increase salary significantly.

Check out the 2010 GS pay scale preview

Qualifications: Besides being a U.S. Citizen (sort of obvious), you’ll need be under 37 years of age before your first day on the job as well as pass a background investigation and a basic physical abilities test.

Learn more about BOP eligibility standards

Currently the Bureau of Prisons is at hiring for the following prisons: Atwater, CA; Coleman, FL; Danbury, CT; Dublin, CA; Herlong, CA; Pollock, LA; Tucson, AZ; and Victorville, CA

Learn more about the Bureau of Prisons here

Next Page: Special Agent at the U.S. Secret Service Uniformed Division

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Police Officer

U.S. Secret Service

Uniformed Division

Established in 1922 as the White House Police Force, this organization was fully integrated into the Secret Service in 1930. With more than 1,300 officers today, the Uniformed Division is responsible for security at the White House Complex; the vice president's residence; the Department of the Treasury (as part of the White House Complex); and foreign diplomatic missions in the Washington, D.C., area. Uniformed Division officers carry out their protective responsibilities through a network of fixed security posts, foot, bicycle, vehicular and motorcycle patrols.

Learn more about the Secret Service

“Being a Secret Service agent might be a stoic, macho job. It is also a little bit like being pregnant with the president.”

Read The Making of a Secret Service Agent at the Washington Post

Salary – Uniformed Division Officers start at the LE-1 grade level with a starting salary of $50,787 in 2009.

Qualifications – Be a U.S. Citizen between the age of 20 and 40 at the time of appointment and possess 20/60 vision uncorrected, 20/20 corrected. Male applicants will be required to have previously registered with the Selective Service.

New hires will go through a 12-week training session at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) and 13-weeks at the James J. Rowley Training Center located near Washington, DC.

Lean more about Secret Service opportunities

Next Page: Refuge Officer at the National Wildlife Refuge System

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Refuge Officer

National Wildlife Refuge System

Agency: Department of Interior

Learn more about Refuge Officers at the National Wildlife Refuge System

Description: Refuge Officers are Federal conservation officers of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service who have challenging and rewarding careers. They are commissioned and uniformed law enforcement officers who enforce Federal wildlife laws on agency owned lands within the National Wildlife Refuge System and throughout the United States.

Salary: Positions are typically at the GS-5, 7, or 9 level, which is equal to $27,026 -54,778

Qualifications: Qualified Candidates need be a U.S. Citizen that is at least 21 years of age but have not reached 37 before their first day. Like other law enforcement positions, there is a background check as well as a physical fitness screening.

Special Training - Refuge Officers complete an 18-week basic Land Management Police Training (LMPT) at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) in Georgia. This is followed by a 2-week basic school for refuge officers and a 10-weeks of field training.

Read about Refuge Officers at the Department of Interior

Next Page: Resources for Federal Law Enforcement Careers

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RESOURCES FOR FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT CAREERS

Federal Jobs Net

Bureau of Prisons

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Partner Organizations

Department of Interior Federal Wildlife System

Department of State Diplomatic Security

U.S. Secret Service Career Opportunities

Main Page: Federal Law Enforcement Careers

Top 25 Cities for Police Officers

Kevin Powers, PoliceLink.com — Mon, 11 May 2009 14:20:00 -0700

Not every U.S. city is created equal, and so when it comes time for a police officer to choose a department, there can be a lot to consider.

Understanding the overall health and standard of living in a city can make a big difference during one's career. A high starting salary can be a major reason for signing on, but will it be worth if if rent dries up most of your pay, unemployment is rising and it takes you two hours to get to the station every morning?

Everything from department funding to the job market for your non-LEO spouse can have an impact on your life, and consequently a review of each prospective new home should be looked at with a wide lens.

So, which cities currently offer the most overall value?

We've adapted this list, which takes into account various economic and quality of life metrics, to provide anyone with an interest or opportunity to compare what these cities have to offer.

The Criteria

We looked at cities' growth rates, average salaries and costs of living.

We factored in average commute time — which, according to experts, has a colossal impact on your overall happiness.

We looked not only at unemployment figures, but also at the rate that unemployment has actually increased since February 2008.

Whether you are just finishing up a degree and looking for a department, or are a seasoned LEO and are simply curious to see where your hometown ranks, read on to see which cities made the list.

The List: City #25 >>

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#25. San Diego, CA

Population: 1,266,731

City's Average Salary: $45,210

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $48,480

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 91

Average Commute Time: 23.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 208

Unemployment Rate: 8.8

If you like consistent, pleasant weather, you aren't going to find a much better fit than San Diego. The average winter temperature is above 50 degrees and the hottest part of the year averages in the high 70s. While the recent recession has caused a large spike in unemployment, the city still enjoys a mean income of over $45,000 and a top-25 ranking amongst the nation’s best cities for job growth.

Next Page: City #24 >>

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#24. Philadelphia, PA

Population: 1,449,634

City's Average Salary: $44,460

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $42,813

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 59

Average Commute Time: 29.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 176

Unemployment Rate: 8.0

The "City of Brotherly Love" — and the largest city on the list — has experienced a modest 3.1% uptick in unemployment, but has maintained an unemployment rate much lower than that of comparable cities. A mecca for tourists and American history buffs, Philadelphia also promotes itself as a center for biomedical and pharmaceutical companies. In recent years, education and health sectors have emerged as principal drivers of the local economy.

Next Page: City #23 >>

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#23. Cincinnati, OH

Population: 332,458

City's Average Salary: $40,540

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $46,104

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 14

Average Commute Time: 21 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 207

Unemployment Rate: 8.9

Procter & Gamble, Sunny Delight, and Chiquita Brands International are amongst the impressive list of 10 Fortune 100 companies based in the this all-American, river-front city. Its unemployment rate has not grown as much as other former industrial cities, gaining only 3.6 % since before the economy collapsed. With solid job growth potential, Cincinnati's big Fortune 100 companies are slowly pulling the city back into a positive economic reality.

Next Page: City #22 >>

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#22. Louisville, KY

Population: 256,231

City's Average Salary: $37,410

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $33,114

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 16

Average Commute Time: 21.5 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 204

Unemployment Rate: 10

Ranked at #16 for cost of living, Louisville maintains a country feel while providing your typical city amenities. The Louisville Slugger Museum is a popular destination, and tens of thousands arrive every year for the running of the Kentucky Derby. The city's job growth is pacing around the national average, and the unemployment rate has gone up a reasonable 4.2% since the recession began.

Next Page: City #21 >>

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#21. Hartford, CT

Population: 124,563

City's Average Salary: $48,650 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $34,554

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 74

Average Commute Time: 33.2 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 199

Unemployment Rate: 8

Nicknamed the "Insurance Capital of the World," Hartford is home to some of the world’s largest insurance company headquarters. It also boasts some of the nation’s oldest institutions — the oldest art museum, park and continuously published newspaper all hail from Hartford. The high average salary and low cost of living make living in Hartford a great deal.

Next Page: City #20 >>

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#20. St. Louis, MO

Population: 354,361

City's Average Salary: $40,630 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $37,514

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 23

Average Commute Time: 21.5 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 179

Unemployment Rate: 9.2

Known as the city that marks the divide between the Eastern and Western United States, St. Louis is often called the "Gateway City." It’s home to some of the nation’s largest public and privately held corporations —Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Scottrade, Energizer and Anheuser-Busch Breweries are just a few of its best known local companies.

Next Page: City #19 >>

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#19. Indianapolis, IN

Population: 795,458

City's Average Salary: $39,840 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $47,651

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 12

Average Commute Time: 21.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 197

Unemployment Rate: 8.2

Formerly a manufacturing-heavy city, Indianapolis has shifted to encompass a much more diversified economy – today, its key industries include education, health care, tourism and finance. And if you love sports, Indianapolis may just be the place for you. The city hosts several major sporting events, including the Indianapolis 500, Brickyard 400 and various men’s and women’s NCAA championships. It is also the fourth largest city on this list – below Philadelphia, San Antonio, and San Diego.

Next Page: City #18 >>

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#18. Columbus, OH

Population: 747,755

City's Average Salary: $40,770 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $41,745

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 17

Average Commute Time: 20 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 178

Unemployment Rate: 7.9

Columbus boasts a robust economy, ranking in the top 10 in the nation. Government jobs provide the largest source of employment here, followed by its large higher education institutions. Columbus offers a relatively low cost of living and also boasts the lowest unemployment rate of all the 25 best value cities on this list.

Next Page: City #17 >>

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#17. Buffalo, NY

Population: 272,632

City's Average Salary: $38,640 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $44,229

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 1

Average Commute Time: 19.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 174

Unemployment Rate: 9.6

Known for an abundance of greenery, a historic waterfront and a diverse cuisine, Buffalo has a lot to offer in terms of overall value. New York’s second largest city topped the list for cost-of-living per income ratio, and boasts one of the lowest average commute times in the nation. Unfortunately, this city also has one of highest unemployment rates on the list, so this year it ranks in the bottom half.

Next Page: City #16 >>

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#16. Boston, MA

Population: 599,351

City's Average Salary: $51,730 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $77,032 (with four year degree)

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 80

Average Commute Time: 27.3 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 118

Unemployment Rate: 7.4

The unofficial "Capital of New England" is home to 21 four-year colleges and universities, making it a national center for higher education. These schools add to the local economy, not just by creating jobs but by attracting loads of high tech industries to the city. And at an average salary of $51,730, Boston boasts one of the highest incomes on the list. Living costs, however, are on the higher side, which pushes this iconic city farther down the list.

Next Page: City #15 >>

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#15. Charlotte, NC

Population: 671,588

City's Average Salary: $41,200 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $40,245

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 36

Average Commute Time: 25.2 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 125

Unemployment Rate: 11.7

Home of eight Fortune 500 companies including retail giants Lowe's and Family Dollar, this North Carolina city offers a solid salary to cost of living ratio. However, this has also left it more vulnerable to the economic downturn, especially with the fallout at Bank of America which is also headquartered in the city. It would have scored higher on the list were it not for the drastic increase in unemployment since last year (up 6%).

Next Page: City #14 >>

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#14. Pittsburgh, PA

Population: 311,218

City's Average Salary: $38,190 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $38,349

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 9

Average Commute Time: 21.2 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 169

Unemployment Rate: 7.6

With its former steel-manufacturing base and 446 bridges marking its skyline, Pittsburgh is unofficially considered both "The City of Bridges" and "The Steel City." Historically known for its heavy industry, the city has turned a page and is now a hub for health care, education, technology, robotics, fashion and financial services. Boasting the third best income to cost of living ratio and third smallest drop in unemployment rate, Pittsburgh has proven itself to be a strong economic town despite current conditions.

Next Page: City #13 >>

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#13. Kansas City, MO

Population: 450,375

City's Average Salary: $37,970

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $38,304

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 25

Average Commute Time: 20.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 164

Unemployment Rate: 8.4

Kansas City houses the headquarters of four Fortune 500 companies and several more Fortune 1000 corporations, providing a richly diverse economy with significant trade and transportation sectors, government programs and business services. Its cost of living has consistently been at or below the national average. Not only that, Forbes.com claims “there's a ‘zone of sanity’ across the middle of the country, including the region around Kansas City, Mo., that largely avoided the real estate bubble and the subsequent foreclosure crisis.”

Next Page: City #12 >>

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#12. Virginia Beach, VA

Population: 433,746

City's Average Salary: $37,550 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $36,622

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 37

Average Commute Time: 21.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 160

Unemployment Rate: 7.2

This beachfront city is best known for its thriving tourism, but is also home to 208 city parks, a national wildlife refuge, long-protected beach areas, three military bases, two universities and numerous historic sites. Major employers include Geico car insurance, Amerigroup health care, Virginia Beach-headquartered Lillian Vernon and Navy Exchange Service Command. A large agribusiness sector also helps boost the local economy.

Next Page: City #11 >>

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#11. Nashville, TN

Population: 590,807

City's Average Salary: $36,330 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $38,012

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 39

Average Commute Time: 20.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 153

Unemployment Rate: 8.4

As a leader in finance and insurance, health care, music and entertainment, publishing, transportation technology, higher education, biotechnology, plastics, and tourism and conventions, the economic diversity of America’s country music capital strengthens itself from the inside out. Its income to cost of living ratio is close to the best, especially given the city’s larger size, while the rise in unemployment has remained decently low.

Next Page: City #10 >>

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#10. Honolulu, HI

Population: 588,349

City's Average Salary: $41,250

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $43,020

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 93

Average Commute Time: 22.3 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 132

Unemployment Rate: 5.4

More than just sun, sand, surf and volcanoes, Hawaii’s capital city boasts the second lowest unemployment rate on the list. The city is heavily focused in government; trade, transportation and utilities; leisure and hospitality; and professional and business services. One-fifth of the land is actually zoned for agriculture and, despite ongoing residential and commercial development, diversified agriculture and aquaculture have seen steady upward trends in recent years.

Next Page: City #9 >>

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#9. Denver, CO

Population: 588,349

City's Average Salary: $45,610

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $43,824

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 47

Average Commute Time: 22.6 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 113

Unemployment Rate: 7.9

Emphasizing employment in air transportation, telecommunications, aerospace and manufacturing, Denver is a major energy research center and the regional headquarters for government agencies. Its strong downtown financial district is also considered the "Wall Street of the Rockies," housing both major national and international banks. There are also countless places to ski, kayak, or fly fish just west the city.

Next Page: City #8 >>

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#8. Portland, OR

Population: 550,396

City's Average Salary: $43,370

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $51,912

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 58

Average Commute Time: 22.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 55

Unemployment Rate: 10.7

Historically, Portland has had a long-standing association with high-tech industries. According to City-Data.com, more than 1,200 tech companies currently operate in Portland, and, in 2004, microcomputer components manufacturer Intel was the city’s largest employer. The city has also seen consistent growth in the education and health-services sectors, helping the area maintain its high growth ratings despite significant decreases in employment in the natural resources, mining and construction sectors.

Next Page: City #7 >>

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#7. Rochester, NY

Population: 206,759

City's Average Salary: $40,660 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $46,288

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 3

Average Commute Time: 19.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 137

Unemployment Rate: 8.5

Rochester is home to several Fortune 1000 companies — including the largest wine company in the world, Constellation Brands, and photo experts Eastman Kodak — as well as several national and regional companies. With the second best income to cost of living ratio on the list as well as boasting the lowest commute time, this city is a solid choice.

Next Page: City #6 >>

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#6. Seattle, WA

Population: 594,210

City's Average Salary: $49,890 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $60,672

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 79

Average Commute Time: 25.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 34

Unemployment Rate: 8.7

The home to many prominent corporate headquarters — including those of Starbucks, Nordstrom, Microsoft and Amazon.com — Seattle is Washington state’s largest city and the region’s major economic, cultural and educational center. While the cost of living is a little on the high side, a particularly promising job outlook in alternative energy development and software engineering.

Next Page: City #5 >>

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#5. Raleigh-Cary Metropolitan Area, NC

Population: 497,602

City's Average Salary: $40,840 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $34,292

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 46

Average Commute Time: 20.9 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 38

Unemployment Rate: 8.8

One of the nation’s top areas for overall growth, Raleigh-Cary shines with expected job growth in technology, tourism and academia. Home to one of the largest high-technology R&D centers in the world, the #5 city on the list is becoming a preferred location for cutting-edge technology and manufacturing firms. Its relatively low income to cost of living ratio and potential for growth definitely place it in the top tier.

Next Page: City #4 >>

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#4. Oklahoma City, OK

Population: 547,274

City's Average Salary: $35,970

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $47,878

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 15

Average Commute Time: 18.7 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 44

Unemployment Rate: 5.6

Ranked by Forbes magazine as 2008’s most recession-proof American city, Oklahoma City is still bustling with the prospect of significant job growth. With last year’s up trend in the leisure and hospitality sector as well as employment increases in natural resources, wholesale, mining and construction, Oklahoma’s capital city has managed to hold steady with an impressively low change in unemployment rate since the recession’s outbreak. It remains a center for government and energy exploration while also continuing to foster positive working environments, boasting an exceptionally low average commute time for workers and a sensible income to cost of living ratio.

Next Page: City #3 >>

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#3. Salt Lake City, UT

Population: 180,651

City's Average Salary: $39,590 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $38,584

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 41

Average Commute Time: 23.4 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 3

Unemployment Rate: 5.2

Service-oriented Salt Lake City is not only home to the headquarters of the Mormon Church but is also the nation’s largest industrial banking center. With stimulus from seasonal outdoor recreation tourism and a recent rebound in information-sector jobs, Salt Lake City has high expectations for job growth both now and after the economy recovers.

Offering better employment conditions than most other large cities, Utah’s biggest city boasts the lowest unemployment rate and the second lowest average commute time on the list — boosting it right near the top.

Next Page: City #2 >>

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#2. San Antonio, TX:

Population: 1,328,984

City's Average Salary: $34,610

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $44,136

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 29

Average Commute Time: 22.5 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 20

Unemployment Rate: 6.0

The second largest city in Texas, San Antonio has one of the most solid salary to cost of living ratios in the country and has seen the lowest change in unemployment rate since the onset of the recession. Its projected job growth is extremely promising and consistently high-performing, with plenty of opportunity in the education, health care, manufacturing, government and service sectors. Famous for its River Walk, the Alamo and Tejano culture, San Antonio’s tourism also continues to thrive despite a down economy.

Next Page: City #1 >>

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#1. Austin, TX

Population: 743,07

City's Average Salary: $41,330 

Starting Salary for Police Officers: $52,374

Cost of Living Rank (in a 1-100 list): 51

Average Commute Time: 21.9 minutes

Job Growth Rank (in a list of 372 Highest Growth Cities): 6

Unemployment Rate: 6.3

Austin tops the list with robust projected job growth and one of the lowest changes in unemployment rate since the onset of the recession. The city has enjoyed a recent explosion of high-tech entrepreneurism, and its two largest employers — the state government and the University of Texas — are expected to add a couple thousand jobs this year.

<< Back to the Beginning

Resources:
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
U.S. Census Bureau
City-Data.com
Forbes.com's Best Cities for Jobs
Best Cities For Jobs In 2008
NewGeography.com's Best Cities for Job Growth
Wikipedia

Want a Promotion? Watch the Textbooks

by Paul Patti — Wed, 03 Sep 2008 09:57:00 -0700

It goes without saying that for officer survival, one of the leading mantras is “watch the suspect’s hands.”

“Watch the hands” of course is excellent advice, aimed at ensuring that you’re not surprised by a sudden move. One of my training officers told me, over three decades ago, similar great advice, “plan for NO SURPRISES.”

What about “career survival” though – what should you be watching? The major textbooks. Watch them closely, keep good track of them, and notice when major revisions and editions are published. When they are, jump on them.

Whether you are a new recruit, rookie or seasoned officer, or are already a police supervisor, if you have a long-term career plan that includes promotion to mid- or upper-management you need to pay very close attention to the leading law enforcement supervision and management textbooks. A few times each year, put aside those crime or mystery novels (or whatever else you are into) and spend some time with one of the major players in law enforcement promotional exams.

This summer has seen three of the top five police promotional textbooks issue not only new editions, but major re-writes and significant updates.

Since 1985, we have preached to our promotional testing clients to drop whatever they are doing and pay very close attention to these top career textbooks. Now, especially, with three major editions and revisions hitting the promotional testing scene all at once, it is certainly some great advice. Whether it is knowledge to help you do your job, help you understand your supervisor, or to prepare you for an actual promotional exam, getting a jump on these textbooks will help you “plan for NO SURPRISES.” The long-term perspective and knowledge you will gain will prove invaluable not only on written tests, but also in structured interviews and assessment centers.

Here are the ones to jump on this summer:

"_*Supervision of Police Personnel*_":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/detail/0131131613/102-3067472-7559330 – by Nathan and Marvin Iannone and Jeff Bernstein. The long-awaited 7th Edition was just published by Pearson / Prentice Hall. This is by far the most often chosen textbook for corporal, sergeant and lieutenant promotional exams. This edition has major updates and rewrites covering homeland security, Incident Command Systems, enhanced problem-solving methods and contemporary leadership issues including the controversial topic of “situational leadership.”

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"_*Managing Police Organizations*_":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/detail/0131590863/102-3067472-7559330 – by Paul M. Whisenand. This leading Pearson / Prentice Hall textbook also is now in its 7th Edition, recently seeing major updating, reorganization and additional chapters. This book very often is chosen for sergeant and lieutenant exams, and sometimes even captain and commander exams. Recognizing the book’s use in mid to upper management, the new edition completely re-writes the material to fit into one of three major sections – Leadership, Management, and Results. Plus, there is a new concentration for this edition with two new chapters, titled “Decisions” and “Performance.”

"_*Criminal Investigation*_":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/detail/0073212784/102-3067472-7559330 – Swanson, Chamelin, Territo and Taylor. This massive encyclopedia of investigative knowledge just got even bigger with the printing of its 10th Edition by McGraw Hill publishers. This book often appears as supplemental material for testing for corporal, sergeant and lieutenant because of its exhaustive study of criminology and forensics, and of course is one of the major books used by agencies that treat assignment as detective or investigator as a promotion and want a thorough written exam to test an officer’s investigative skills. The list of new material added into this 10th Edition is exhaustive, but the major additions are: Terrorism, Arson and Explosives – Internet Crimes Against Children – Stalking on MySpace and YouTube – Sex Tourism – School Shootings and Human Trafficking.

Rounding out the top five textbooks used in police promotional testing are these two testing favorites;

"_*Effective Police Supervision*_":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/detail/1593453310/102-3067472-7559330 - Harry W. More and Larry S. Miller – now in its 5th Edition, which was published in the summer of 2007.

"_*Supervising Police Personnel - The Fifteen Responsibilities*_":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/detail/0131722379/102-3067472-7559330 – also by Paul M. Whisenand – now in its 6th Edition, published in early 2006.

Investing in these top textbooks will better prepare you not only for your future promotional exams, but will help you shine in assessment centers and interviews as well. Keeping up with the material in these books edition after edition is truly a very inexpensive way to ensure your future success in law enforcement.

The Police Oral Board Secret Weapon

Sergeant George Godoy — Wed, 23 Jul 2008 06:23:00 -0700

It is a good idea to practice your oral board answers, but what tools can you use to do that - and what tools give you an edge?

A video camera is a great tool. You need to see how you look to other people. What better way is there to get a good look at yourself? How about standing in front of a mirror? Both of these tools help you check out how you appear to others, but both miss the most important aspect of your oral board answers - what you say and how you sound when you say it.

Only one tool can give you what you need when you practice: a hand-held tape recorder.

Think about it. The Oral Board, you talking, and the officers on the board listening. That spotless police badge you want to wear hinges on you picking up a tape recorder and hearing what is going to come out of your mouth in that unbelievably important situation.

I was contacted by a coaching candidate recently. He had made it to some oral boards and one Chief's Oral, but had not been successful. Now, an invitation to the LAPD oral board had been offered, so he wanted to set up a private coaching session.

After a few moments of talking with him, I was aware of something critical that was probably missing in his previous preparations. I asked him if he used a tape recorder to practice. He hemmed and hawed and finally, like 99% of the candidates I interview, said, "Well, no. But, I am thinking about it."

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I told him to use a tape recorder to hear how he sounded. After trying this, he got the message - his answers were garbage.

Applicants want a badge so bad they will do nearly anything ethically and morally to get it, except to use the most effective preparation tool around.

For some reason, they do not get how valuable using a tape recorder is for practicing your answers. You can get your timing, inflection, and volume down pat, see where to cut material and how many uhs and duhs fill the pauses - and last, but not least, to see if you sound like Donald Duck.

To be successful at the police oral boards, you need to get married to your hand-held tape recorder. You need to hear what the oral board members are going to hear. That little tape recorder will narrow the distance between you and the badge you want so badly.

The first thing a candidate says when he hears his voice on a tape recorder is always, That's not me! Well, yessir, it is you. And if you want it to sound different, glue that hand held tape recorder to your palm and practice, practice, practice.

Guys prepare for the Police Oral Boards by thinking about their answers and then writing them down. For some reason, they think that because they wrote them down, their answers will magically come rolling out of their mouths in the oral board. But, trust me, they will not! Your brain and mouth just don't work that way.

If you want to prepare by writing something down, try this:

Write down your oral board questions on some 3x5 cards. You can use the Top 20 Asked Police Oral Board Questions found at PoliceExam911.com.

Practice your answers with the tape recorder.

Play back your recorded answers. If you hear something you don't like, write it down on the back of the 3x5 card with that question.

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The next time you are ready to answer that question, turn the card over first to remind yourself what you do not want to say.

Let me tell you how critical this is. If you are not using a tape recorder to practice, practice, practice - rehearse, rehearse, rehearse - learning your material until it becomes second nature to you, you may as well not show up for your oral board.

If you do not spend serious time burning your presentation and your answers into your brain, you are wasting the oral board's time and your time! Stop the madness and seek out another career. One problem though, you have to interview for other jobs too.

The candidate above has already lost some great opportunities. Had he faithfully used a tape recorder to prepare for his oral boards, he might have already begun his police career.

Some candidates think that if they practice too much their answers will sound canned. But, NO, it won't! Practice will make sure your answers are planned, complete, and as perfect as possible.

Practice makes permanent.

Luck is preparation meeting opportunity. One practice session with a tape recorder is worth speaking something out loud 10 times. Practice gets you to a point where your answers sink into your subconscious, and that is where the magic begins. Practice won't let you be fooled.

I believe practicing with a tape recorder is so important that I will not coach a candidate if they are not using one. It is a waste of my time and their money.

Believe me, your competition knows the value of using a tape recorder and they will fly past you, if you're not using one too.

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After 22 years of police experience, here's what I know - to properly prepare to audition for the position of police officer, you must use a tape recorder.

Practice, practice, practice and you will have the power to catapult yourself into the Olympic Camp of law enforcement. You will have a great shot at the badge - and the chance to be one of the true American heroes.

So, instead of posting on bulletin boards to find out where others stand in the testing process for this city, or that county, ask yourself this question:

What am I doing to prepare for the most important part of the hiring process - the Police Oral Board?

If your answer isn't the right answer, you may never pass the oral board, or score high enough on the list, to wear a badge. Never! Ever!

So, where is your tape recorder?

Other Resources From The Oral Board Mega-Guide:

Answering Common Oral Hiring Board Questions

Dr. Richard Weinblatt — Mon, 30 Jun 2008 05:37:00 -0700

My last Law Enforcement Career Expert column for PoliceLink.com covered ten tips for mastering the police oral board. This column covers how to answer the questions themselves. While I can’t give you the exact wording that will work for you, understanding why certain questions are asked, and how to formulate the answer that fits you, is the key to getting hired in the competitive law enforcement hiring process. Of course that presumes that all political or favoritism issues are removed from the oral panel’s judgment of the candidates.

As mentioned in the previous articles, as a police academy manager and former police chief, I have seen many people bomb that first impression formed at an oral board (usually within the first 15 seconds). Having been on both sides of the process as the interviewer and the interviewee (one large agency that I interviewed successfully with told me I scored the highest of any sworn applicant to that date – “Half a point away from a perfect score.”), I have learned a few tricks that may help you. Some applicants may be well-dressed and appear sharp on oral board day, but when they open their mouth, it all goes out the window.

Here are some typical questions or concepts posed at oral panels and how to view them. Note that I could not possibly address all questions, but here are the more common ones that crop up. All of these broadly based answers will need to be refined by you to reflect the details that are unique to your life and circumstances.

The key here is to give an honest, heart-felt response that also falls within the acceptable broad parameters of oral interviews. Remember, oral board panels are made up of seasoned patrol officers and law enforcement executives. They are experienced, trained interviewers who are adept at ferreting out answers from people that are deceptive or not genuine.

*1) Tell this panel about yourself.* This is an open-ended statement, usually posed in the beginning, and it gives you a terrific opportunity to create that great first impression. It is also the point at which many people turn the panel members off. In the words of my good friend and recruiting guru Commander Mark Anderson, of the Altamonte Springs, FL, Police Department: “Tell me the time, don’t build me a clock.”

All too often the long-winded answer starts with: “Well, it all started 21 years ago when I was born in a small town…” The background sound everyone hears next is the snoring of the panel members. You should only hit the highlights that are relevant to their judging you as appropriate for the position. Relevant information includes education (college degree in criminal justice, etc.), work or volunteer experience (police explorer, sales or managerial experience, and military service), or family background and familiarization with the job (relatives or multiple generations that have served as police officers) that could be used to show your potential success as a law enforcement officer.

Practice your delivery of this brief, albeit important, synopsis of your life in front of a mirror or video camera. You may even want to hold a mock oral panel to hone your delivery and answers. Your answers, as with all of these panel responses, should be delivered with a confident tone that does not trail off at the end of each sentence. If they can’t hear the end of your sentence, you convey the message that it’s not worth hearing and consequently, they won’t exert any effort to do so.

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*2) Why do you want to be a police officer/deputy sheriff/trooper?* (depending on the type of agency you are applying to) Try to avoid the cliché answers of “I want to serve and protect” or “I want to give back to the community.” Cynical panel members are on the lookout for people who tell them what they think they want to hear.

I advise people, when you picture yourself as an officer, what is it that you are doing? If it is helping small children and being role model because the same thing occurred to you when you were a child interacting with a neighbor who was an officer, then say so. If it’s because you’ve tried the indoor, office cubicle type of career path and you are looking for a more varied, outdoor type of excitement, then say so. If it’s because you want to help bust drug dealers because your best friend from high school died after graduation from an overdose, then say so.

You have to help the panel understand that your desire stems from more than just the cars are pretty or you want to carry a gun and drive fast. Try not to focus solely on why the agency is good for you, but rather show the synergy between what you can bring to the agency and how that in turn will help you.

*3) Why do you want to work for my agency?* Here’s where something more than the vague “it’s the best department” is appropriate. You need to be more specific. First hand knowledge of the agency that you have gained from doing ride-alongs or talking to the officers is crucial to helping you to come up with an answer that is truthful and works.

For example, maybe, after riding with a variety of agencies in your area, you were particularly impressed at how officers on a particular shift handled people at calls for police service with dignity and respect which reflects how you want to practice the art of policing. Or perhaps you found that the agency is heavy into DUI and traffic enforcement, which has meaning for you since a relative died from a drunk driver crash.

*4) Tell me about a strength you have.* This isn’t something like "I can benchpress 500 pounds." What about your character is illustrated in a trait. Are you a hard worker? Are you full of integrity and honor? Do you have a personal story that illustrates that trait in concrete terms.

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*5) Tell me about a weakness you have.* What you need to do here is truthfully relate a weakness that in law enforcement circles is perceived actually as a virtue. For example, “I am a workaholic” or “I am sometimes too mission focused. I won’t give up until the job is done.” These might be problems if you were “interviewing” on a first date, but in the police world it is a nice fit.

We look for people whose weaknesses as perceived by the general population work in the challenging setting of policing in a democratic society. Someone that won’t stop until the mission is accomplished is thought of as being obsessive in the general population, but is heralded as a survivor and winner in the police field.

*6) Legal elements.* If you have graduated already from a basic law enforcement academy, you may be hit with this item, as well as number seven below. You may be asked to list the elements of commonly encountered criminal law statutes. Be familiar with the elements or components that comprise burglary, robbery, and other crimes that officers contend with.

*7) Legal concepts.* Be able to explain legal concepts. Be sure that you understand them and are not just regurgitating a definition from a textbook or statute book. For example, can you define the difference between reasonable suspicion and probable cause, as well as misdemeanor and felony.

*8) Policing concepts.* Be familiar with the policing concepts that drive your target agency. A read of their website (which hopefully is up to date) and materials in the lobby should clue you as to their approach. Are they community policing oriented? If so, they may ask you what community policing means to you. Understand their website’s interpretation, but personalize it in terms of what it means to you. Figure out if the agency is proactive or reactive in their approach to calls for police service.

An area that comes up in some oral boards concerns the use of deadly force. Be familiar with not only your area’s statutory requirements for the use of deadly force, but also think through the ethical and moral implications for yourself. By reflecting on this tragic but oftentimes present aspect of your chosen profession, you’ll be a more mature candidate for the post.

There are many more questions or statements that oral panels put out for applicants to respond to, including ethical situations. This column addressed some of the more common ones that you might encounter.

I have seen firsthand how practicing your responses to these oral panel situations have lead to dramatic improvement. While I don’t advocate a memorized approach, being familiar in general with how to respond will free you to have a compelling delivery that will captivate the panel members. It is at that point, that they will have a feel for your character and the sort of law enforcer that you can be for their agency. A good oral panel interview will help you to get that opportunity.

Other Resources From The Oral Board Mega-Guide:

10 Tips for Mastering the Police Oral Board

Dr. Richard Weinblatt — Thu, 29 May 2008 06:09:00 -0700

Oral boards are the key to getting hired. As a police academy manager and former police chief, I have seen countless applicants bomb their oral hiring board when they were otherwise good candidates. Like many other things in life, proper preparation can make the difference. This article will suggest ten tips to increase your chances for success.

*1) Do your research.* Study up on your target agency. In this age of the Internet, there is no excuse for walking into an agency without an intimate knowledge of its statistics and key personnel. Some items to glean off of the department and larger governmental entity (city, county, or state – not to mention airport, college, harbor, school district or other setting) websites are: population policed, agency chief executive (usually the elected sheriff or chief), divisions, number of law enforcers, square miles of the jurisdiction, policing philosophy, and mission statement.

*2) Be early.* As the old saying goes: “early is on time and on time is late.” I had the time that the person arrived for their oral board noted and relayed to me. My thought, along with many other chiefs, was that if the person can’t make it on time (better yet early) for their interview when they should be on their best behavior, they certainly won’t have good time management skills down the road when they are hired and off of their probationary status.

*3) Check your appearance.* Be sure that you are perceived as a professional. It should go without saying that all nose rings, tongue piercings, and earrings should be removed prior to coming into the area of the interview building. A dark suit with conservative tie and shirt is appropriate with men with similarly suitable business attire for women. Clothes should be cleaned and pressed. Oral board attendees should have their hygiene handled correctly. Special attention should be paid to nails and shoes.

*4) Use proper titles.* Make sure that you use the right titles when speaking at the oral board. Don’t call a law enforcer an “officer” in a sheriff’s office and vice versa (in that case, it should be “deputy sheriff”). Know the rank insignia for your target agency and the corresponding titles that go with them.

*5) Know your elements.* Some oral panels, particularly those that interview people who have already graduated from a basic law enforcement academy, quiz the applicant on elements of common crimes. Know your state’s criminal statutes and how they apply to situations. For example, you may be asked to define burglary or be presented with a situation, which comprise the legal components of burglary.

*6) Make eye contact.* Whether each member of the panel asks questions or only a facilitator speaks for the group, be sure to make eye contact with each person in the room. In the law enforcement world, the eye contact conveys confidence and respect.

*7) Sound confident.* Minimize the appearance of nervousness or a lack of confidence by practicing to avoid stuttering. Watch your self in a mirror. Better yet, hold your own mock oral panel and videotape yourself. When you watch the tape later, you will catch both good and bad things that you did realize you were doing. Remember, we are our own harshest critics.

*8) Avoid creating distractions.* Distractions can come in the form of verbal cues (such as “um”, “ok”, and “see what I mean”) or they can be physical (such as tapping a ring on the metal part of the chair). When distractions crop up, they make you appear nervous and detract from the message that you are trying to impart.

*9) Plant your feet.* Interview panel organizers frequently place the applicant in a swivel chair that also has the ability to recline. When you sit down, be sure to plant your feet and resist the inclination to swivel or rock in the chair. Most panel members perceive movement in the chair as indicators of nervousness.

*10) Shake hands.* When an appropriate moment comes up, usually before exiting the interview room, stand up and walk over to each member of the panel. Address each by their rank or title and thank them individually for their time while shaking their hand.

These ten tips address some of the more blatant ones problems I have observed while running oral panels. As an applicant, you are granted around twenty minutes to give the panel members a glimpse of who you as a person and they type of law enforcer you would be if employed by the hiring agency.

Your first impression (commonly thought of as the first 15 seconds) as viewed by the panel members is crucial to the success of your oral board experience. Incorporate these ten tips as you thoroughly prepare for a pivotal, albeit brief, piece of the professional law enforcement officer application process.

Other Resources From The Oral Board Mega-Guide:

Police Desperately Needed in 10 U.S. Locations

PoliceLink.com — Wed, 07 May 2008 14:28:00 -0700

Even though the economy may be struggling to stay out of a recession, police shortages are still common in many locations throughout the U.S. PoliceLink recently researched the most recent police shortages to make the news. If you're looking for a law enforcement job, try one of these markets to find a home for your police career.

h3. 1. Moss Point, MS

"The city of Moss Point is facing a police shortage. More investigators, and patrolmen are needed on the force." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Moss Point.":http://www.wlox.com/Global/story.asp?S=8211810&nav=menu40_2

h3. 2. Irvington, NJ

"Officers in Irvington say they're under attack after two of their own have been shot and wounded in separate attacks in the past month." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Irvington.":http://wcbstv.com/topstories/irvington.police.detectives.2.706062.html

h3. 3. Colorado Springs, CO

"Colorado Springs say they don't have enough police officers or money to adequately patrol the city, leading to longer response times to emergencies and thousands of 911 going unanswered." Read more about "the latest police shortage in
Colorado Springs":http://www.krdo.com/Global/story.asp?S=8200204

h3. 4. Nashville, TN

"A string of retirements has left the department about 100 officers short, and potential recruits have been lining up to fill those spots." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Nashville":http://www.newschannel5.com/Global/story.asp?S=8197716&nav=menu374_1

h3. 5. Desert Hot Springs, CA

"The Desert Hot Springs Police Department is on a mission to restore staffing levels to 31 police officers, the number on the force before citywide layoffs in 2006." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Desert Hot Springs":http://www.mydesert.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080418/NEWS08/804180375/1015/news08

h3. 6. South Lake Tahoe, NV

"Feeling the burden of a lack of law-enforcement personnel in California, the South Lake Tahoe Police Department struggles to fill open positions and keep the minimum number of patrol officers on the street." Read more about "the latest police shortage in South Lake Tahoe":http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/TD/20080411/NEWS/922793975/-1/REGION

h3. 7. Clinton Hill, NY

"The usually quiet and safe streets of Clinton Hill have been racked by a crime wave, residents and the neighborhood's Council member charge, as cops leave the local precinct and aren't replaced." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Clinton Hill":http://www.nydailynews.com/ny_local/brooklyn/2008/04/15/2008-04-15_clinton_hill_quaking_in_crime_wave_cop_s.html

h3. 8. Fort Worth, TX

" The department plans to recruit 80 experienced officers for the first classes. Because the officers need less academy time, the Fort Worth Police Department will save about $800,000 on their training." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Fort Worth":http://www.wfaa.com/sharedcontent/dws/wfaa/latestnews/stories/wfaa080326_jh_policeacademy.31d77ed.html

h3. 9. Portland, OR

"The city of South Portland is facing a serious problem: There are not enough police officers to patrol the streets. That is according to the city's police chief and a report submitted by a special committee assigned to review the department's recruitment and retention." Read more about "the latest police shortage in Portland":http://www.wmtw.com/news/14601922/detail.html

h3. 10. Tulsa, OK

"Despite campaign promises and official numbers, will there be a police officer available when you need one? The city claims 814 sworn officers. But police say there are only 771 actually on the streets. Which number is right?" Read more about "the latest police shortage in Tulsa":http://www.ktul.com/news/stories/1107/473153.html

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Almost one year ago, Debra Baer reported that " Police departments across the country are chronically understaffed and facing a crisis in meeting recruitment goals. They say a perfect storm of Sept. 11, wars on two fronts and aging demographics has cut down the supply of people who want to be cops." "Listen to her podcast":http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=10682250

The Police Exam - Vehicle Pursuits

Sergeant George Godoy — Tue, 06 May 2008 06:23:00 -0700

The information presented here is meant to be used as a rule of thumb guideline for vehicle pursuit questions on police entrance exams. Both the police written test and the oral board interview may include judgment questions regarding vehicle pursuits. Police agencies do not want to hire someone who disregards the safety of the public in order to stop a vehicle for a minor traffic violation.

Vehicle pursuits are always regulated by jurisdictional policies and applicable city, state, and federal laws. This article is intended to provide a common sense approach to vehicle pursuits based on a compilation of different police policies from several jurisdictions.

h2. Decision To Initiate A Vehicle Pursuit

The officer intending to stop a vehicle will make every effort to avoid a vehicle pursuit. Activation of lights and siren are delayed whenever possible, until the officer is close enough that the opportunity to flee appears to be unavailable to the operator of the suspect vehicle.

If the operator of the suspect vehicle chooses to avoid being stopped and attempts to flee, the decision to initiate a vehicle pursuit lies with the individual officer.

Certain actions taken by the operator of the fleeing vehicle may escalate the danger to the public, the suspect operator, and the pursuing officer(s). In these cases, jurisdictional policy will prevail in determining whether a pursuit is continued or called off.

Any officer involved in a vehicle pursuit must drive with due regard for the safety of all persons concerned and any exemptions granted the officer, as an authorized operator of an emergency vehicle, do not include protection from the consequences of that officer driving with reckless disregard for the safety of others.

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A vehicle pursuit study, covering 800 municipal and county agencies, indicated that two factors were likely to determine support for a vehicle pursuit:

1. The severity of the offense committed by the suspect

2. The risk to the public (traffic, road, and weather conditions)

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When an officer initiates a vehicle pursuit, dispatch should be immediately notified of:

* Unit Identification
* Location, Direction of Travel, Indication of Speed
* Reason for the Pursuit
* Suspect Vehicle Description and Plate Number - if known
* Number of Occupants and Description - if known

It is important for the officer in pursuit to ensure the dispatcher and backup officers hear and understand radio transmissions. Roll up windows and give regular location updates.

When a pursuit involves excessive emergency speed and emergency driving tactics, the pursuing officer must consider:

* The severity and nature of the violation
* The likelihood of apprehending the suspect
* The public safety hazards created by a high-speed pursuit
* The traffic encountered during the pursuit - volume, speed, direction
* The pursuit environment: residential, commercial, school zone, open highway
* The population density
* The familiarity with the roads being traveled
* The weather and road conditions
* The driving skill of the officer and condition of the police vehicle being driven

Every police officer must be able to determine when a vehicle pursuit should not be initiated and when to break off a pursuit.

Some common sense guidelines include:

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Pursuit would create a clear and unreasonable danger to the officer, the pursued vehicle or other users of the highway. The degree of danger and risk to public safety should outweigh the need for immediate apprehension. The suspect has been identified and apprehension can be accomplished later without the danger of pursuit.

A final common sense point in vehicle pursuits is:

Discharging a firearm at, or from, a moving vehicle is dangerous and ineffective in most cases. The use of deadly force in a vehicle pursuit will always be dictated by jurisdictional policy.

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h2. Vehicle Pursuit Quiz - All answers should be based on the information above.

1. An officer observes a vehicle drive through a red light and attempts to stop the vehicle to cite the traffic violation. The operator of the vehicle flees at a high rate of speed through heavy rush hour traffic. The officer recognizes the driver and obtained the vehicle's license plate number. This officer's best course of action would be:

p((. a) pursue the vehicle because traffic violators should not be allowed to escape

b) not pursue because the vehicle operator has been identified and can be arrested later

c) not pursue because the risks outweigh the violation

d) both b and c

p((. The correct answer is d). Because of traffic volume, the minor traffic violation involved and the officer's identification of the suspect, the officer should not initiate a pursuit.

2. An officer is involved in a high-speed vehicle pursuit. Which of the following conditions should not be considered by the pursuing officer when deciding to continue or break off the pursuit:

p((. a) The nature of the violation

b) The type of headlights on the fleeing vehicle

c) The volume of the traffic

d) The pursuit environment: residential, commercial, school zone, open highway

e) The population density

p((. The correct answer is b). The remaining answers should be considered when determining whether to continue a pursuit.

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3. An officer initiating a pursuit notifies the dispatcher that a pursuit is underway and gives all the following information, EXCEPT:

p((. a) Police unit identification

b) Location, speed and direction of travel

c) Reason for the pursuit

d) Suspect vehicle description, including license number

e) The last time the officer was involved in a vehicle pursuit

p((. The correct answer is e). Only information pertinent to the vehicle pursuit that aids the dispatcher or backup officers in the apprehension of the suspect is transmitted.

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4. The Number One factor studies have determined supporting vehicle pursuits is:

p((. a) traffic and road conditions

b) offense committed by the suspect

c) volume, type, speed and direction of the traffic

d) officer 's driving skill

p((. The correct answer is b). Results of a study indicate that law enforcement personnel and members of the public focus on the severity of the offense committed by the suspect when supporting a pursuit. The second most important factor was the risk to the public (defined by traffic, road conditions, and the weather).

h2. Restricted Pursuits

Some jurisdictions have very restrictive pursuit policies. For example, the Denver Police Department enacted a policy restricting vehicle pursuits and officers are not authorized to pursue vehicles that:

* are stolen or involved in non-violent crimes
* are simply fleeing
* are in violation of traffic laws
* are involved in hit and run accidents not involving death or serious injury

Due to the increase in lawsuits, many municipalities have enacted heavy restrictions on pursuits. However, a recent poll by the US Justice Department indicates that officer initiated vehicle pursuits are generally supported by the public as a quality crime fighting tool. 70% of those polled said pursuits were a necessary risk in the war on crime. Over half of those polled thought the decision to pursue should made by the officer and not restricted by department policy. Many experienced cops believe that over-restricting their ability to conduct vehicle pursuits, severely handcuffs their ability to do effective police work. They feel such restrictions give the bad guys another weapon against law enforcement.

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h2. Recap

Definition of Vehicle Pursuit - An active attempt by one or more police officers to apprehend a suspect who is operating a motor vehicle and trying to avoid capture. Suspect tactics may include driving at high-speeds and evasive tactics, such as driving off the roadway, making sudden or unexpected movements or maintaining a legal speed, but failing to yield to the officer's signal to stop. Routine traffic stops or other instances where officers activate emergency lights and siren and the operator stops within a reasonably short distance are not a vehicle pursuit.

When answering common-sense questions about high-speed pursuits, consider this:

No assignment is of such importance and no task need be expedited with such speed, that the risk to public safety become secondary. No task undertaken in the official capacity of a police officer is of such importance to justify the reckless disregard of the officer's safety, or the safety of others.

Before initiating a vehicle pursuit, an officer should determine if:

* The suspect presents a clear and immediate threat to the safety of others
* The suspect has committed or is attempting to commit a serious crime
* The necessity of immediate apprehension outweighs the level of danger created by pursuit

All emergency vehicle operations should be conducted in strict accordance with existing statutes. When engaged in any vehicle pursuit, an officer will simultaneously use the police vehicle emergency lights and siren.

Joining the Force: Everything You Need to Know

PoliceLink — Mon, 14 Apr 2008 11:08:00 -0700

A career as a police officer is like no other. Ask any cop and they’ll tell you that it’s a way of life and they wouldn’t want to do anything else.

But do you really know what it takes to set yourself apart from the other candidates in the exceedingly fierce competition for your coveted law enforcement positions?

PoliceLink has pulled together some of law enforcement’s most well known individuals to provide you with the information you’ll need to set yourself apart from the competition.

10 Steps to Joining the Force

Get the basics on the different types of law enforcement careers, how to best prepare yourself, what to study, who to talk to and when to talk to them. Learn how to get your foot in the door and why an education will set you apart. Access the guide...

Recommended resources: Police Exam Study Guides, FBI & Cooper Standard Workouts

10 Steps to Joining the Force - For Military Service Members

Candidates with military service are highly sought after by law enforcement recruiters. Learn how to take advantage of your time in the military to best position yourself. This exclusive guide includes a special checklist to follow during your last year in the service. Access the guide...

Recommended resources: State Trooper & Highway Patrol Study Exam, Advanced Police Workouts, Military Workouts

LEO Career Profiles

Ever wonder what the different jobs are within police work, their specific requirements, and average salaries? We have put together career profiles on several of the most sought after positions, including: detectives, patrol, crime scene investigators (CSI), FBI agents / federal agents, and SWAT operators.

Recommended resources: Criminal Justice School Finder, PoliceLink Scholarship Finder, Which School is Right For You?

So You Wanna Be a Cop…

Written by a 30+ veteran of both big city and suburban law enforcement, this series will give you a true insider’s view of the pros and cons of a career in law enforcement. With an emphasis on the pre-employment interviews, polygraph, and application process, this series is a must read for everyone interested in a law enforcement career. Access the guide...

Recommended resources: Landing a Career in Law Enforcement

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Find a School with a Law Enforcement Degree Program

While reading through the above career guides you'll notice that all of our law enforcement career experts all stress the same theme: *the importance of an education.* Most mid to large sized agencies now require at least 60 college credits to even be eligible to apply. Those agencies that don't have the requirement will almost always choose a candidate with college experience over one that is lacking an education.

Don't get stuck at the bottom - take the first steps to getting a degree today by using _*PoliceLink's School Finder to connect with schools with programs designed to help you become a police officer or federal agent.*_

Becoming a Cop - FAQs

PoliceLink — Tue, 08 Apr 2008 11:42:00 -0700

These FAQs are intended to answer some of the most common questions we receive here at PoliceLink asking how to land a career as a law enforcement officer. We encourage anyone interested in a law enforcement career to begin their journey by using the comprehensive guides we have put together. These guides cover everything you'll need to know on how to separate yourself from the competition in your job search:

p)). "*Ten Steps to Joining the Force*":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/4363-ten-steps-to-joining-the-force - this guide will walk you through the entire process of searching for a job with a law enforcement agency.

p)). "*Ten Steps to Joining the Force - For Military Service Members*":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/11336-10-steps-to-joining-the-force---for-military-service-members - written in conjunction with Military.com, and specifically for current and former military service members, this guide will prepare you for a transition from the military into a civilian law enforcement job.

If after reading the Ten Steps guides, or the FAQs below, you still have questions, please visit the "The Lobby in the discussion forums":http://policelink.monster.com/discussions/116-the-lobby/topics and review the past discussions or ask your own question there.

h3. I am not a United States citizen, can I still become a police officer?

Laws and hiring policies differ from state to state and agency to agency regarding citizenship requirements. Generally, most agencies require you to be either a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident alien. If you have more specific questions regarding citizenship requirements, you should contact a law enforcement recruiter at an agency in your area.

h3. I have a felony conviction, can I still become a police officer?

No. Felonies, weather committed as a juvenile or adult, and whether sealed or not, are automatic disqualifiers for a position as a police officer.

h3. I have past drug use, can I still become a police officer?

Every agency has different hiring policies regarding past drug use. Some agencies will overlook certain drug use after a certain amount of time and some will overlook the past use of certain drugs. Certain past drug use will always be a disqualifier. Your best course of action would be to contact the specific agencies you want to work for and ask about their requirements.

h3. How do I search for a police job?

The "PoliceLink Career Center":http://policelink.monster.com/careers has the largest law enforcement career network on the Internet. You can locate openings in your area – for local, state, and federal jobs – through our "job search engine.":http://policelink.monster.com/careers/search

h3. Am I too old for a job as a police officer?

Other than federal law enforcement agencies, which have a maximum hiring age of 37, most police departments do not have a maximum hiring age. However, it is recommended that you contact a recruiter for any specific agencies you want to apply to, just to make sure.

h3. Are there any scholarships available for putting me through a police academy?

If you are attending a police academy that is affiliated with a college or university, and are receiving college credits for your time at the academy, then you may be eligible to receive traditional scholarships, grants, and/or financial aid. PoliceLink has put together the "largest database of law enforcement and criminal justice scholarships available,":http://edu.policelink.com/scholarships?referral=pl_org_faq and it is free to use for all PoliceLink visitors.

h3. How do I become a police dispatcher?

There are countless dispatchers who are members of PoliceLink who can answer questions about a career as a dispatcher. Please visit the "PoliceLink Forums":http://policelink.monster.com/discussions and "PoliceLink Groups.":http://policelink.monster.com/groups to read through the topics on dispatching and to ask your own questions.

h3. I'm in high school. What can I do to prepare for a police career?

One of the best programs you can participate in is the Law Enforcement Explorer program. Speak with your school's School Resource Officer (SRO) and ask him / her how you can get involved in your local Explorer program.

10 Steps to Joining the Force - A Guide For Military Service Members - Download the Ebook

PoliceLink and Military.com — Fri, 28 Mar 2008 17:00:00 -0700

Due to popular demand, PoliceLink's "Ten Steps to Joining the Force - A Guide For Military Service Members":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/11336-10-steps-to-joining-the-force---a-guide-for-military-service-members is now available as a downloadable ebook. The ebook can be downloaded and printed to read at your convenience.

Written in conjunction with PoliceLink and "Military.com":http:/www.military.com, The Ten Steps to Joining the Force - A Guide For Military Service Members is full of invaluable information to help you smoothly transition from the military to a successful law enforcement career.

Covering topics such as transition timelines, the GI Bill and how to pick a department, this free guide is must-have for any military member considering a law enforcement career.

"Download the 10 Steps to Joining the Force - A Guide For Military Service Members today!":http://policelink.monster.com/nfs/policelink/static/10Steps_MilitaryGuide.pdf

Police Oral Board Interview - From Stress To Success

Sergeant George Godoy — Fri, 21 Mar 2008 12:33:00 -0700

The image you present in your Police Oral Board Interview is one of the most important elements to consider in any preparations you undertake.

The most positive image to present is one that displays character traits that are universally perceived as positive. Bringing a powerful combination of accepted positive images to your interview is a sure way to make a winning impression that puts you one step closer to your ultimate goal - becoming a police officer.

WHAT MAKES A POSITIVE IMAGE

Some positive image elements to incorporate into your interview would include showing:

Appreciation - for the opportunity to interview for the position.

Enthusiasm - for the job. Your interest should be genuine and informed.

Empathy - for others and displaying an understanding for the role compassion plays in police work.

Confidence - in yourself and your abilities. Be comfortable with your beliefs and reveal your trust in the abilities of others.

Practice applying these image elements to everything you do, every encounter with another person, and soon, they will become a part of you - natural and supportive in all your social interactions - ready to reassure others of your capable nature and social skills.

WHAT TO DO

A number of important actions need to be strictly under your control for the best chances of success in your interview, these include:

Do Not Be Late! Target your arrival to be at least 20 minutes prior to the scheduled interview time.

Walk into the interview room smiling, head up, and with excellent posture.

Make eye contact with each interviewer and introduce yourself - give a firm handshake - if the courtesy is offered.

Wait to be seated, then sit when invited to do so, smile and say ‘thank you'.

Let the interviewers begin the conversation.

Small talk should be responded to with respectful phrases appropriate to a police department - yes sir, no sir, yes ma'am, no ma'am - while keeping additional comments brief and to the point.

WHAT TO SAY

Once the interview begins, the positive image you have worked to establish so far must be given depth and reality with effective speaking. Your ability to convey your thoughts clearly and concisely is a powerful factor for success in your interview.

To achieve successful communication, you must:

Control what you say.

Do your homework and be prepared to respond intelligently.

Take Your Time - Think Before You Speak.

Control how you say it.

Your emotional attitude must be kept moderate.

Your tone of voice must convey confidence and self-assurance.

Your pattern of speech must be relaxed and natural.

Your physical posture must be composed, alert, and purposeful.

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SUCCESSFUL SPEAKING TIPS

Do:

Listen Carefully.

Let the interviewer finish their question.

Look at the person speaking to you, show active listening with affirming nods.

Take time to think before answering.

Give an answer that reflects the interviewers line of thought.

Speak slowly and clearly pronounce your words.

Don't:

Let your mind wander, forcing you to ask for the question to be repeated.

Interrupt the interviewer.

Answer before giving yourself time to think.

Use poor grammar, slang, or jargon.

Speak too rapidly or too slowly.

Give unrelated or off subject ideas or opinions.

WHAT TO WEAR

Wearing proper interview attire goes a long way towards creating a positive image. Ideally, your qualifications and character should be the ultimate criteria for judging you as a police officer candidate, but in reality, surface impressions play a significant role.

Putting your best-dressed foot forward is fairly simple and straightforward and can be applied to male or female candidates:

Wear conservative colors-dark blues and browns,and grey.

Wear clean, pressed clothing that fits well.

Wear your hair neatly groomed.

Wear minimal jewelry.

Wear mild cologne or perfume, lightly applied - better yet wear none at all.

Wear black or brown leather shoes in a simple style, clean and polished.

Wear makeup appropriate to daytime business.

WHAT YOUR BODY SAYS

Two-thirds of what we communicate to others is through nonverbal ‘body language'. Skilled interviewers are trained in interpreting nonverbal communication and consider your body language to be the truest indicator of your character. Learning what nonverbal signals you are sending to others and controlling those signals will help you make the most positive impression possible with your interviewers.

Friends and family are excellent resources for learning your particular, nonverbal communications in certain situations. They can help you see the image your body language presents, especially in stressful situations.

Some nonverbal communication tips you may find useful are:

Do:

Show you are alert, interested, and energetic by maintaining good posture.

Show honesty, confidence, and interest by maintaining consistent eye contact.

Show active listening with appropriate gestures-like a nod of understanding.

Show openness by smiling, keeping arms at your sides, hands relaxed in your lap

Don't:

Appear casual by slouching in your seat, crossing your legs, or sitting at an angle to the interviewers.

Appear fearful by sitting rigidly or at the edge of your seat.

Appear aggressive or confrontational by leaning too far forward.

Appear nervous by tapping your feet or talking ‘with your hands'.

Appear dishonest or lacking confidence by looking down or away from the interviewers.

Appear to lack the ability to focus by staring at the interviewers. Staring is considered rude and antagonistic.

RECOVERING FROM A POOR FIRST IMPRESSION

A poor first impression can be derived from a number of things, from an ill-timed laugh to tripping into the room. Whether the damaging event was avoidable or not is not important in this situation. The only important thing is taking action to recover control of the interview and yourself.

How does this happen? What can be done to get your interview back on track?

Recovery is simple.

Do not panic.

Maintain your composure.

Take a deep breath and smile.

Make steady, friendly eye contact with the interviewers.

Offer a brief, sincere recovery statement that establishes your commitment to becoming a police officer.

Shake off your jitters and hold your course for a strong finish.

The bottom line in facing your police oral board interview comes down to your ability to present yourself in the most easily assimilated, universally accepted, integrity-driven manner. You should appear professional, polished, poised, and comprehensively able. Your interviewers should be able to visualize you in their department's uniform, enforcing the law in their community, and supporting their department regulations with every action you take and decision you make.

Other Resources From The Oral Board Mega-Guide:

Ten Steps to Joining the Force for Military Service Members

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:57:00 -0800

As the competition for coveted law enforcement positions increases throughout the country, police and federal recruiters have the luxury of picking and choosing the absolute best and brightest individuals. More often than not, police chiefs, sheriffs, and recruiters are turning to military veterans to fill these positions as they staff the next wave of warriors in the war on crime.

"PoliceLink":http://policelink.monster.com and "Military.com":http://www.military.com have joined forces to provide our members – both active duty and veterans alike – with this exclusive, comprehensive guide to prepare you for a transition from your military background to your new and exciting career as a civilian law enforcement officer.

Step 1: Choosing the Right Law Enforcement Career

Step 2: Transition Made Easy: Timeline & Checklist

Step 3: GI Bill

Step 4: Picking a Department

Step 5: Meeting a Recruiter

Step 6: Applying for the Job

Step 7: Exams

Step 8: Background Check

Step 9: Fitness

Step 10: Common Hurdles Faced by Veterans

Due to popular demand, the 10 Steps to Joining the Force - A Guide For Military Service Members is also available in this "FREE downloadable ebook":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/15487-10-steps-to-joining-the-force---a-guide-for-military-service-members---download-the-ebook.

Step 10: Common Hurdles Faced by Veterans

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

If you’re like most military service members, you’ve spent your entire working career in the military. You know how it works and you know how to work with it. Getting out and entering the civilian world can be daunting to think about. You’ll hit your fair share of hurdles along the way. As long as you expect them, they should be easier to overcome.

We asked a few veterans who are now sworn law enforcement officers some of the things they ran into during their transition into civilian law enforcement. We hope these tips help better prepare you for your own journey into the most rewarding career of your life.

Starting at the bottom

Starting at the bottom

PTSD

Being considered overly aggresive

After moving your way up through the ranks, be prepared to start at the bottom all over again. This applies to officers and enlisted service members alike. You will be considered the “rookie” for the next few years and will have to earn the respect of the LEOs you are now working with. And be sure you can take a practical joke.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is one of those things that people often don’t want to talk about. If you served in a combat zone or otherwise feel that you could be suffering from PTSD, seek help. Don’t be ashamed about it. It can be overcome, but not if you refuse to do anything about it.

Military.com has pulled together a lot of great resources about "combat zone PTSD":http://www.military.com/benefits/resources/ptsd-overview that can help you find the treatment you may need.

Being considered overly aggressive

Many agencies are paying closer attention to personnel who are returning to active law enforcement service after being called to active duty and deployed to combat zones. The actual number of cases of returning veterans acting aggressively are few and far between, but because of the liability involved, agencies don’t wish to take chances. You may be subjected to additional interviews or monitoring if you’ve served in a combat zone. Don’t take it personally, and do what you can to alleviate any concerns.

Previous: "Fitness":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11357-fitness

Step 9: Fitness

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

Introduction

This special fitness was written exclusively for PoliceLink by former Navy SEAL and law enforcement fitness expert Stew Smith, CSCS. A U.S. Naval Academy graduate, Stew has written several best selling fitness and self defense books, including The Complete Guide to Navy SEAL Fitness, Maximum Fitness, and SWAT Workout.

Certified by the National Strength and Conditioning Association as a Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) and as military fitness trainer, Stew has trained hundreds of students for Navy SEAL, Special Forces, SWAT, FBI, ERT and many other law enforcement professions.

Law enforcement fitness: What to expect

Careers in the military and public service are fantastic opportunities to serve your country and be well cared for with health and retirement benefits. Making the transition from the military to law enforcement can, however, be quite challenging physically, if you have not maintained your fitness level. Attending a law enforcement academy will be similar to boot camp, so you need to prepare yourself.

This career change begins here with preparing physically for different physical fitness tests of a law enforcement position. Some of the exercises are the same as any military physical fitness test, such as the basics calisthenics tests of a timed run, pushups, situps, and pull-ups. Depending upon your law enforcement career decision, a variety of exercises will also be tested to include:

Bench Press	Agility Tests
Shuttle Runs	Time Runs (1 to 5 miles)
Weighted Pullups (25lb SWAT vest)	Pushups, Situps, Pullups
500-yeard Swim	Rop Climbs
Obstacle Course	Victim Drag

Excelling in these tests takes practice. Many of the tested events above can also be better prepared for by a series of exercises that involve the muscle groups utilized. The biggest issue with most former military seeking law enforcement positions is running faster paced runs. For instance, many law enforcement departments now have added a shorter sprint to be tested, as well as an agility course and obstacle course. With battles in an urban environment becoming a part of daily life for both overseas troops and our own police officers here in America, the need for speed programs has never been more applicable to today’s civil servants.

Get customized police and military training programs from the PoliceLink Fitness Store or visit the PoliceLink Training Center for free tips and articles by former Navy SEAL Stew Smith CSCS.

More and more agencies around the United States are adopting the 300m run in addition to the 1.5 mile run as part of testing protocol for candidates. For instance the FBI uses the Cooper’s Institute Physical Testing procedures along with about half of the police department in the United States. Some departments are adding shuttle runs, agility tests, vertical jumps to build speed and explosive power which is needed in today’s urban combat environments.

In the military, cardio vascular endurance is usually measured with the 1.5 mile, 2 mile or 3 mile run, but now many local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies are adding the 300m run and this challenges many of the applicants more than pushups and situps. So speed training should be introduced to your training programs. Quite frankly, speed training should be added into every soldier’s and police officer’s program as it could mean that half second quicker you get to cover when the shots are coming in your direction.

The following chart is designed for the Cooper’s Institute Cardio tests used by many law enforcement agencies around the United States at all levels of government. Many applicants have trouble with the 300m sprint followed by the 1.5 mile run – this is how to remedy that challenge. This is a supplemental running program that combines endurance and speed workouts together to help with running stamina, endurance, pace and speed needed in both military and law enforcement applications. You still need to be working on your upper and lower body exercises in addition to this supplemental running plan.

	Day 1 Run and Leg PT	Day 2	Day 3 Distance Day	Day 4 Run and Lef PT	Day 5 - Pace Day (rest as long as you run)	Day 6/7
Week 1	1.5 mile run, warmup, Repeat 2 times 300m run, squats - 20, lunges - 10 / leg	Run 300m run -rest 5:00 Run 1.5 mile run timed	1.5 mile at close to goal pace x 2 - rest 10 minutes in between	Warm-up jog 10:00, Repeat 5 times, 300m run, Squats - 10, Lunges - 10 / leg	Warmup Jog 5:00, 1/4 mile at goal pace, 1/2 mile at goal pace, 3/4 mile at goal pace, 1 mile at goal pace, stretch	Day off or makeup day
Week 2	1.5 mile run, warmup Repeat 3 times 300m run, squats - 20, lunges - 10 / leg	Run 300m run x 2- rest 5:00 Run 1.5 mile run timed	3 miles at close to goal pace	Bike Pyramid Manual model level 2,4,6,... hold each level for 1 minute until failure - repeat in reverse order - should be 12-30 minutes long	Warmup Jog 5:00, 1/4 mile at goal pace, 1/2 mile at goal pace, 3/4 mile at goal pace, 1 mile at goal pace, stretch	Day off makeup day
Week 3 Easy Run Week	Bike Pyramid Manual model level 2,4,6,... hold each level for 1 minute until failure - repeat in reverse order - should be 12-30 minutes long	Run 300m run x 2- rest 5:00 Run 1.5 mile run timed	Swim or elliptical glide or both for 30:00 of either or both	Warmup jog 10:00, Repeat 5 times, 300m run, Squats - 10, Lunges - 10 /leg Run 1.5 mile run	Bike Pyramid Manual model level 2,4,6,... hold each level for 1 minute until failure - repeat in reverse order - should be 12-30 minutes long	Day off or Make up day
Week 4	Run Sprints Warmup at 50%, 100m x 3 Full speed at 100m x 3, 200m x 2, 300m x 1, (work / rest ratio =2:1 1.5 mil run timed	300m timed Bike Pyramid Manual model level 2,4,6,... hold each level for 1 minute until failure - repeat in reverse order - should be 12-30 minutes long 1.5 mile run	3 miles easy	Warmup - 5:00 Repeat 6 times 1/4 mile at goal 1.5 mile pace, squats - 20, lunges 15 / leg, situps - 30 in 30 seconds 1.5 mile run timed	1.5 mile timed run, rest 5:00 1 mile run at goal pace rest 4:00 3/4 mile run at goal pace rest 3:00 1/2 mile run at goal pace rest 2:00 sprint 300m timed	Day off or makeup day
Week 5	FBI Test Sit-ups - 1:00, 300m sprint, pushups 1:00, 1.5 mile run, pull-ups	Bike Pyramid or elliptical glider pyramid	3-5 mile run	300m sprint, 1 minute rest, 1.5 mile run	8 8 x 1/4 miles at goal pace - rest 2:00 4 x 300m sprints - rest 2:00	Day off or makeup day

Next: "Common Hurdles Faced by Veterans":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11358-common-hurdles-faced-by-veterans

Previous: "Background Check":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11355-background-check

Step 8: Background Check

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

The background check may be the most invasive experience you’ve ever had in your life. Everything about you will be checked out. Your character, your finances, your driving and criminal records, to name just a few. The information here will help you prepare for the background investigation:

p((. • Be honest and upfront

p((. • Tell your friends and family

p((. • The polygraph

p((. • Security clearance basics

Be honest and upfront

The most important thing about your background check is that it be complete, accurate, and truthful. Intentionally leaving anything out or falsifying information is the kiss of death. The investigators conducting your investigation will find out. They are less concerned with some minor violation of the law then they are with the fact that you would tell them about it. They are expecting truthfulness. It is better that you tell them of a 10 year old misdemeanor arrest then them having to find out some other way.

Tell your friends and family

You probably noticed a place on your application packet to list friends, family and former neighbors. There’s a reason for that. The background investigators will be making contact with your references. And from your references people they will get the names of “secondary” references, people you didn’t list but who they find on their own.

Before your investigation begins be sure to let you for friends, family, former neighbors, and former coworkers that you are applying for a law enforcement position and that they may be contacted by an investigator. Let them know that they shouldn’t be surprised and that they should feel free to honestly answer any questions the investigators ask.

Background check and polygraph

Just about every agency out there administers a polygraph exam. They do this to verify the information you provided in the application packet is truthful and to address topics covered in the background investigation.

There is nothing fun about the polygraph. Everyone is nervous when they take one. As long as you were truthful during your interviews, in your application, and on your background investigation, you shouldn’t have anything to be worried about.

But just for the fun of it, here are the types of questions you might be asked:

p((. • Have you ever stolen anything?

p((. • Have you ever lied to your boss?

p((. • Have you ever looked at child porn?

Security clearance basics

If you are applying for a federal law enforcement position there is a good chance you will also need to qualify for a federal security clearance of secret, top secret, or even higher. Having served in the military, chances are you are familiar with this process, so this should only serve as a reminder.

The security clearance background investigations will be similar to the background investigation you have already gone through. Depending on the clearance level, however, the investigation may go further back into your past (ie, 10 years into your past instead of 5 years). Just like your background investigation, answer all of these questions truthfully and fully.

Next: "Fitness":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11357-fitness

Previous: "Exams":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11353-exams

Step 7: Exams

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

There are many companies out there that offer study guides for law enforcement entrance exams. If the recruiter you spoke to recommended one over another – buy it and study it from cover to cover. The exam is often times your key into the rest of the application process. Do good, because if you’re applying with multiple agencies, you can expect that your results will be shared amongst the recruiters.

Study guides

There are career advice guides for just about every industry out there. Law enforcement is a unique industry where applicants need to pass a series of exams; generally a written test, an interview, and a polygraph exam.

Most libraries have law enforcement related study guides available, however, it highly recommended that you purchase your own so that you can make notes in the book and take the practice exams without worry of defacing the library books. Below are links to many of the highly recommended study guides.

Visit the "PoliceLink Bookstore":http://astore.amazon.com/policelink-20/103-3036048-1197421?_encoding=UTF8&node=0 for a selection of top rated study guides.

Go on a ride along

Many people want to become cops because of what they see on TV or in the movies. However, the typical cop does not spend his time shooting up the downtown streets. Most agencies have ride along programs available to citizens and recruits. It is a good idea for you to take advantage of this opportunity to spend a shift riding with an officer. This is the closest you will come to experiencing what a typical shift is like short of being an officer yourself.

For more information about conducting a ride along contact the agencies you are considering applying to or contact your local law enforcement agency.

Next: "Background Check":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11355-background-check

Previous: "Applying for the Job":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11350-applying-for-the-job

Step 6: Applying for the Job

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

Applying for a job can often be nerve-racking. There are many unknowns that have be dealt with and overcome. One of the biggest hurdles to overcome is standing out against the “competition.” In this section we’ll go over a few ways to highlight your military service to help you stand apart.

But first, here’s a word of warning. Don’t expect your military service to be your golden ticket. It is quite likely that you’re not the only service member applying for the job. Recruiters are looking for candidates with the complete package, so these suggestions will work best only when you couple them with the rest of the advice found in this guide.

Honorable Versus Other Discharges

Being discharged from the military with anything less than an honorable discharge will greatly reduce your chances of getting a job as a sworn law enforcement officer, and would all but guarantee being disqualified from going into federal law enforcement.

The best policy is to ensure you receive an honorable discharge by exceeding the accepted standards of duty performance and personal conduct, as that will be an indicator to the hiring agencies of how you will serve as a police officer.

Veterans Preference

As a veteran, you have a leg up on the competition when it comes to getting a job with the federal government. Make sure you completely understand how your military advantage works for you -- the following section describes how to determine your veteran's preference points, and the best way to apply for a civil service job.

Veteran's Preference Points

Because the Federal Government recognizes the economic loss suffered by citizens who have served their country in uniform, the Veteran's Preference system was created to restore veterans to a favorable competitive position for Government employment, and acknowledge a larger obligation owed to disabled veterans.

Be patient – hiring process can take months

Starting early and being patient
is critical to getting a police job.
The application, selection, and
background process can take 6
months or more.

Veteran's preference points are used when civil service examinations are part of the hiring process conducted by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and related agencies, for most service jobs including Veterans Recruitment Appointments (VRA), and when agencies make temporary, term, and overseas limited appointments. Preference in hiring applies to both permanent and temporary positions in the executive branch's competitive and excepted services.

Veteran's Preference Eligibility To receive preference, you must have been separated from active duty in the Armed Forces with an honorable or general discharge. You must also be eligible under one of the following preference categories:

p((. • Five points are added to the examination score or rating of veterans who served:

p((((. - Between Dec. 7, 1941, and July 1, 1955.

p((((. - For more than 180 consecutive days at any point between Jan. 31, 1955, and Oct. 15, 1976.

p((((. - During the Gulf War from Aug. 2, 1990, through Jan. 2, 1992.

p((((. - In a campaign or expedition for which a campaign medal has been authorized, including El Salvador, Grenada, Haiti, Lebanon, Panama, Somalia, Southwest Asia and Bosnia.

p((. • Ten points are added to the examination score or rating of:

p((((. - Veterans who served any time and who have a disability connected to their military service or are receiving compensation, disability retirement benefits or pension from the military or Department of Veterans Affairs.

p((((. - Veterans who received a Purple Heart qualify as disabled veterans.

p((((. - Unmarried spouses of certain deceased veterans and spouses of veterans unable to work because of a service-connected disability.

p((((. - Mothers of veterans who died in service or who are permanently and totally disabled.

Note: Military retirees at the rank of major, lieutenant commander, or higher are not eligible for preference in appointment unless they are disabled veterans. This does not apply to Gray Area Retired Reservists - those who will not begin drawing military retired pay until age 60.

Using Your Veteran's Preference Points

Using your Veteran's Preference Points is actually relatively simple. You simply claim preference on their application or resume when applying for Federal jobs. Applicants claiming 10-point preference must complete "Standard Form (SF) 15":http://www.military.com/ContentFiles/sf0015.pdf, Application for 10-Point Veteran Preference, and submit the requested documentation.

Applying for Federal Employment

The easiest way to apply for Federal employment is to go to the office of personnel management web site -- USA Jobs – (www.usajobs.opm.gov) and follow the simple instructions. You will notice that part of the process requires you to indicate whether or not you are you are eligible for veteran's preference points. Once you've selected the job that interests you, you will be given specific details on application process for each job.

Sell Yourself - Public Speaking

During your time in the military you should have had ample time to learn to speak in front of others. Public speaking is extremely important in law enforcement. As a LEO, you will be expected to give presentations to members of your department and members of the community alike.

Public speaking is often referred to as the number one fear in the workforce. Tackle that fear early on. If you have to, sign up for speaking classes at your local community college or through the local Toastmasters. There is no substitute for the ability to list yourself as an accomplished public speaker on your application.

Instructor Certification

Take every opportunity you can to get instructor certifications while you’re in the military. Showing a mastery of common tasks such as shooting, driving, interrogation, etc., will add incredible value to your application. It will demonstrates that not only do you possess that mastery yourself, but also that you’re able to teach others how to master those skills.

Knowledge of Civilian Law Enforcement

This is a recurring theme throughout this guide. Although law enforcement agencies are pseudo-military in structure, don’t be disillusioned that what is acceptable in the military will be in accepted in civilian law enforcement. The key word being civilian. Civilians do not live by the rigid rules and rank structure that you do in the military. Trying to deal with civilians who don’t follow your commands immediately and to the letter can be quite the wake up call.

Additionally, politics play a big role in civilian law enforcement. Remember, police chiefs are appointed by and answer to elected officials and sheriffs are directly elected by the citizens themselves. You will often have to bite the bullet and be act politically correct in many situations.

Take the time to reach out to actively serving LEOs on "PoliceLink":http://policelink.monster.com/discussions and find out what tips and tricks they used to overcome this.

You’ll recall that the first section of this guide started with a timeline beginning one year out from your separation date from the military. Getting hired by a police department can often take six months or more, so it is imperative that you start your job search long before your separate date.

The hiring process takes so long for many reasons, such as scheduling civil service exam dates, waiting for open positions, conducting background checks, or simply getting passed over for one of the departments you applied to.

It can’t be stressed enough that you need to start your search and submit your application as early as possible. You don’t want to be left without a job by the time your separation date arrives.

Next: "Exams":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11353-exams

Previous: "Meeting a Recruiter":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11345-meeting-a-recruiter

Step 5: Meeting a Recruiter

PoliceLink and Military.com — Tue, 26 Feb 2008 14:54:00 -0800

Wear a suit

Always wear a suit or coat and tie. Wearing business attire shows that you hold yourself to the highest standards, and that is what a recruiter is looking for in a candidate. Many prospective recruits make the mistake of showing up in their every day street clothes. This does not go unnoticed and there is a high probability that your resume or application will end up on the bottom of the pile. If, for some reason, it is absolutely not possible for you to wear a suit then make sure you tell the recruiter before hand so they know.

Speak professionally

Just as you need dress professionally, you need to speak professionally. Don’t act around the recruiter how you would act around your friends or family. Don’t use slang or other profane language and stay away from making jokes. Even the most innocent jokes be offensive to some people.

Ask questions

Be prepared with a list of questions you have for the recruiter. This is your chance to get clarifications to questions you might have about the academy, your time with an FTO, or about general career advancement. Make sure your questions are relevant and aren’t already answered through general literature.

== 10 Tips for Meeting the Recruiter

1. Wear a suit

2. Speak professionally

3. Ask questions

4. Don’t be a know-it-all

5. Listen and be courteous

6. Don’t use military jargon

7. Be early

8. Expect tough questions

9. State your goals

10. Remember why you’re there

Don’t be a know-it-all

Don’t try to impress the recruiter with your knowledge (or perceived knowledge) of law enforcement. You’re there to get information from the recruiter, not to give it. Even if the recruiter is telling you something you already know, listen intently and be thankful for the information.

Listen and be courteous

When you meet with a recruiter there will be opportunities for you to get your questions answered. Don’t interrupt or cause disruptions if the recruiter is speaking to someone else or isn’t answering your question as quick as you would like. Be courteous and wait for the appropriate time to interject or clarify your question.

Don’t use military jargon

Even though you are transitioning to a military-friendly environment, remember that not all cops are former military and may not understand or appreciate certain language, words, or attitudes. Always act and speak professionally in front of a recruiter. Even if you find out that the recruiter served in the same unit as you at some point, be professional and don’t accidentally start talking like you’re boot camp.

Be early

Do not be late, especially if you have a one-on-one meeting with the recruiter. Plan to arrive at least 15 minutes early. Just drive around the block a few times if you arrive too early, but don’t expect the recruiter to wait around for you if you show up late. And remember, cops are expected to be on call for roll call for every shift, with no excuses. Showing up late for your first meeting with a member of the department is not the way to get off on good start.

Expect tough questions

Why do you want to be a cop? Do you have anything questionable in your past? When was the last time you used drugs? Those are just a few of the questions that you will be asked during your application process. Be prepared to answer them quickly and honestly even as early as your first meeting with the recruiter. Always remember that if you lie, they will find out and your career will be over before it even starts.

Be prepared to state your goals

You should list out your career goals before you even make a meeting with the recruiter. Be true to yourself and be honest, but don’t be stupid. Instead of saying you want the job only to get into law enforcement you will move to another agency at the first opportunity isn’t a good thing to say. Instead, consider saying you are eager to have the experiences only a street cop can get and that you aspire to someday be a federal agent.

Remember you are signing up to be a police officer

The authorities and responsibilities bestowed on a police are very serious. You must always be professional and courteous to everyone you encounter. Your attitude and demeanor must convey the embodiment of these principles to the recruiter.

Next: "Applying for the Job":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11350-applying-for-the-job

Previous: "Picking a Department":http://policelink.monster.com/benefits/articles/11343-picking-a-department